Experimentação em óptica nas séries finais do ensino fundamental: uma compreensão fenomenológica

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze under a phenomenological perspective, the contributions that the use of experimental activities provide for teaching and learning in optics. The methodological option was by nature applied research, qualitative, exploratory and interpretive bias. During development, they were reconstructed by the author experiments that could show the optical phenomena of the nature of light, reflection, refraction and diffraction. The study was conducted with the participation of 28 (twenty eight) students enrolled in the final grades of primary education in a private school in the city of Ponta Grossa-Pr. In theoretical foundation includes up historical aspects of the experimental method, inaugurated by Galileo Galilei, extending to the contributions made by Isaac Newton, with respect to experimental activities for the development of optics. It is also present, the different approaches and focus currently applied to the experimental work for the teaching of science, performing a reconceptualization of the experimental method. The externalizations performed by students occurred mainly in two stages; before the trial, showing the previous concepts, and after the experimental activity, through discourse and conceptual maps. The results indicate that the experimental activity to optical teaching, reconceptualized the light of constructivism, approaches a plural method for teaching, as well as providing a variety of cognitive conflict students, allows the experimenter the link between the world of real objects, symbolic languages, laws and theories with the world of concepts in optics, favoring conceptual evolution.