Estudo comparativo entre sistemas ferroviários: a infraestrutura do Brasil em contraste com nações econômica e geograficamente similares

Abstract

This paper carried out a comparative study of rail systems between Brazil and three other economically and geographically similar nations, analyzing their infrastructures, methods of operation, legislation and regulations, innovations and technologies planned and implemented, the environmental impact of the modal, especially in a future scenario, and investment and management models for rail networks. The literature review and the survey of specific data for each of the rail networks led the research in a way that the systems were compared in a pertinent way, in order to observe which points differ and which converge, in an attempt to assimilate possibilities for adapting the positive points in a beneficial way in the Brazilian system. The results obtained indicate that the Brazilian rail network is considerably below other countries in all the fields discussed, especially in terms of effectiveness, modernization and integration of the rail transport modal, as well as infrastructure in general. It is concluded that, in order to affirm that the country has a functional and effective rail network that moves the country's economy and meets environmental and sustainable parameters, it is essential to increase government participation in large-scale investments and projects, especially integration between regions and modes, as well as carrying out feasibility studies to implement technologies that are financially accessible in a realistic scenario and increase the efficiency of rail transport in Brazil.