Influência do probiótico Lactobacillus acidophilus e prebióticos na redução e bioacessibilidade de aflatoxinas M1 e B1 em leite integral

Abstract

Milk is a major source of essential nutrients for the growth, development and maintenance of human health. However, it can also be a vehicle for toxic agents, causing serious health risks in individuals who consume it, especially children. Among the food contaminants, aflatoxins stand out, which are important secondary fungal metabolites in human and animal health. Among aflatoxin analogues identified to date, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most prevalent and most toxic. When ingested by animals it undergoes hepatic biotransformation partially converting to aflatoxin M1(AFM1), which is excreted in the milk. However recent studies have demonstrated the presence of AFB1 in milk, disagreeing in the literature about the complete conversion of AFB1 to AFM1. Once present in milk, these aflatoxins can withstand most treatments to obtain dairy products; Therefore, may be present in cheeses and yogurts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus alone and in conjunction with prebiotics (inulin, oligofrutose, β-glucan and polydextrose) to reduce the concentration of AFB1 and AFM1 and the effect on bioavailability after digestibility in a digestion model In vitro in artificially contaminated milk. For this, a Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of six process variables (aflatoxin concentration, incubation time and concentration of the four prebiotics),a negative control (pure whole milk) and a positive control (Whole milk fortified with aflatoxin). All probiotic and prebiotic assays promoted reduction of AFB1 and AFM1 in milk as well as its bioavailability. Reduction levels ranged from 13.53 and 35.53% for AFB1 and 17.61 and 71.52% for AFM1. When compared to the positive control the bioaccessibility for AFB1 ranged from 23.68 to 72.67% and 0% for AFM1 (100% reduction in bioaccessibility). To verify the interaction of probiotic and prebiotics with aflatoxins and possible modification in the protein structure of the milk, spectroscopy was performed in the infrared region by fourier transform (FTIR). It was detected alteration of the amide I region (1700-1600cm-1) in the probiotic and prebiotic treatments in relation to the treatment containing only aflatoxin and milk, suggesting the occurrence of aflatoxin displacement that is linked to the milk protein fraction to the cell wall of the probiotic.