Ensaios não destrutivos para qualificação de soldagem em caldeiras

Abstract

The control of qualification in welding is essential both in the manufacture and maintenance of boiler components. Not only the aspect of standardizing procedures, but mainly in guaranteeing the manufacture of components with a high degree of reliability. The demand for optimization of welding processes, reducing failures in welded components and costs for rework, is increasing in the industrial sector. Nondestructive tests are means with excellent cost-effectiveness, which allow more efficient analyzes of welds without the need to discard or disable the evaluated structure. Thus, through the training of professionals and the use of relevant standards, nondestructive tests become an adequate tool in the qualification of welds in boiler components. With the objective of presenting and exploring the main non-destructive tests used for qualification in the welding of boiler components, the present work makes use of the ASME standard for boilers and pressure vessels of 2019 as the main source for the preparation of the tests, in addition to articles and related books. The results obtained are based on the survey of the necessary conditions, such as the indication and calibration of the devices used, parameters of quantities and evaluation of the requirements for validation of the weld, in the execution of the nondestructive tests. Finally, the registration of procedures, techniques, materials, name and certification of the professional, as well as the conditions of the environment, are essential items for standardization and, consequently, control and guarantee of an adequate qualification.