Análise comparativa entre os sistemas construtivos em madeira - tábua e mata-junta e wood frame - em relação ao desenho de estrutura e resistência a esforços

Abstract

With the growing concern about the use of effective and ecologically efficient construction methods, the use of wood appears as an alternative because it is a material that restores carbon from the air and presents less energy use in its manufacture than other materials. It is added to the economic context of the material its historical relevance in the south of Brazil where the techniques of the wooden constructions were largely used of the period of colonization being the wood explored until its exhaustion. These wooden constructions bring with them the cultural heritage of the immigrant people who have implemented and transformed them, producing an inheritance of the region. The constructive methods that stand out are a log house system of Polish origin, half-timbered by Germans and board-jointed, which were given by the existence of the wood cycle in the region and that made possible the modulation of the pieces - being a style of the region, generated by the different inheritances of European immigrants and other parts of the world, sharing the same structure each people employed their particular view on the method with constructive details and organization of rooms. Nevertheless, the houses in board and mat-junta fell in disuse and the idea was generated that the same would not be efficient. At the same time as in Brazil there was the development and consolidation of houses in wood frame in the USA, becoming the main form of construction for residential works. In view of this it is interesting to compare this possibility here, with the modern use of board houses and matta-junta with modern materials compared to wood frame. In order to evaluate this possibility the construction methods were studied and a model house was developed using the constructive methods in board and matte and in wood frame where the constructive way was compared, the change of material for reforestation wood and the resistance of the " pillars "to see if the change guarantees resistance and how it presents itself in relation to the American method. At the end, it was possible to analyze the difference between the systems, it is noticed that the house in wood frame is more elaborated for protection against weather and sealing, besides the different form of distribution of loads with smaller sizes and smaller spacings, having a almost linear load distribution with walls with structural function, whereas for the form used in the south of Brazil it needs stents with larger sizes and greater resistance in walls with a sealing function. In this context, when comparative analysis of a wooden model of wood board and kilt and wood frame is realized that both offer the attributes necessary to shelter human life nowadays. Thus, the Brazilian case makes it possible to recover its traditional technique by re-reading its system and design configuration.