Uso da plataforma SWAT para estudos de perda de solo

Abstract

The indiscriminate management of soil and water resources by anthropogenic activities have been generated an accelerated degradation of the environment. Thus, the quantitative evaluation of soil losses by hidric erosion is fundamental for the environmental planning at the basin scale. Thus, the simulation of the hydrological runoff of watersheds is one of the main tools in the management of water resources, due to the possibility of predicting environments more or less susceptible to degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the SWAT model for the representation of the hydrossedimentological flow in the Rio Forquiha watershed of the municipality of Vitorino-PR. The results obtained from the simulation were in relation to the spatial distribution of soil type and use, slope and altimetry, surface runoff and annual sediment production in the 23 sub-basins of the Forquilha River Basin. Soil use and occupation have been shown to influence the erosion process, with small amounts of sediment being generated in areas covered by forest and large amounts in areas covered by agriculture. The topography also influenced sediment production, and in flat sub-basins soil loss was lower. These factors have been shown to directly influence surface runoff and consequently sediment yield. In general, despite the constraints of input and non-calibration data, the model has been shown to be relatively effective, providing supporting information for environmental management of land use, occupation and management, thus reducing impacts on water resources.