Diagnóstico da fertilidade do solo em áreas de agricultura familiar do sudoeste paranaense

Abstract

Family farming is one of the main agricultural activities in the Southwest of Paraná. In general, families invest in the Livestock Farming Integration System (ILP) where they perform two main activities: dairy cattle and cereal grain production, such as corn and soybeans. Many producers, in addition to not knowing the actual chemical conditions of the property's soils, are not in the habit of using corrective and fertilizing practices in the property, probably because they do not know the importance of this practice. This work aimed to perform a diagnosis of the current soil condition in terms of fertility, based on the manual of liming and fertilization for the state of Paraná launched in 2017, as well as to study the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes in area of family agriculture based on data interpolation techniques. The work was carried out in 16 properties of family farmers of the Southwest of Paraná who are cooperated in Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de São Cristóvão (CAMISC). Samples were collected from soils of several glebas at depth of 0-20 and also the coordinates of the site. The samples were sent to the soil laboratory of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Pato Branco, where they were discharged and sieved, and the pH was then analyzed in CaCl2. The values of K, Ca, Mg, P and Al were calculated using the sum of bases (SB), CTC at pH 7 (T), base saturation (V%) and saturation by aluminum (m%). Subsequently, the data of the soil analysis along with the coordinates of the properties were subjected to a data interpolation by the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method in the QGIS software. The results showed that, in general, the properties of the region present high levels of fertility due to the strong influence of Basalto on the chemical characteristics of the soil.