Épocas de semeadura de cultivares de soja com diferentes ciclos de maturação

Abstract

With the ban on the cultivation of soybeans in the State of Paraná, they seek alternatives to crop / safrinha crop systems between different crops and more efficient production arrangements, seeking suitable materials for the conditions of each region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the sowing time of soybean cultivars of different maturation groups on yield components and crop productivity. The experiment was conducted during the agricultural year 2016/2017 at the experimental unit of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, in a randomized block experimental design, with three replications, in a factorial scheme 3 x 3, with factor A being three cultivars (P95R51 RR, P95Y52 RR, P95Y72 RR) and factor B, three sowing times (12/09, 09/30 and 10/14/2016). The evaluated characteristics were: plant height, first pod insertion height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, number of total nodes, number of productive nodes, number of branches, mass of one thousand grains and grain yield. From the data obtained it can be concluded that the cultivar P95Y52 must be planted in October to reach high yields when compared to the other cultivars. For the sowing season of September 30, there was no difference in soybean yield between cultivar P95R51 and P95Y52, both producing more than P95Y72, due to the higher maturation group. For the variable plant height, the cultivar P95Y72 sown on 09/30, stood out to the others; when the sowing season is anticipated for September, there may be risks to the productivity of supercritical cultivars due to the edaphoclimatic conditions of southwestern Paraná. Supercritical soybean cultivars when sown at planting aperture suffer interference from the climatic factor on yield and final yield components of soybean, however, they can anticipate sowing of the second crop.