Um modelo de simulação para otimização da alocação de estações de recarga para ônibus elétricos no transporte público de Curitiba

Abstract

Growing concerns with environmental issues have resulted in considering alternatives for urban mobility and public transportation. Among the available options, battery- powered electric buses have been fairly considered in terms of flexibility, sustainability and emission of pollutants. These buses have a plug-in recharge system (PEV) that allows their driving in exclusive lanes without providing external power. However, recharge of batteries is necessary, and the number and placement of charging stations have a fundamental role in the operation of this transport system. This work presents a discrete event simulation model that captures the pattern of bus dynamics and its corresponding energy consumption. An optimization strategy that utilizes a biobjective genetic algorithm is then associated with the simulation (simulation with optimization) to minimize both the number of charging stations and average extra time needed to recharge batteries. Information for passenger demand, bus speed, distances, road elevations, among others, have been obtained from the Curitiba public transportation system. The parameters of buses’ mobility are based on real data acquired, filtered and analyzed for six express lines from raw data provided by a computational system of a company that controls the public transportation system and urban area of the city. The mathematical model used to compute the power consumption of a bus is based on the energy required to run it, taking into account different loadings and friction forces. Fast battery recharge with typical parameters of an electric bus is considered at bus stops with charging stations. The results show different arrangements for the number of recharge stations and delays in the bus schedule, as well as the corresponding energy levels of batteries.