Avaliação de wetland construído de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal para o tratamento de esgoto sanitário

Abstract

The problem of sanitation is much discussed now. Alternatives have been created for wastewater treatment, especially in locations distant from urban centers, where there is no collection and treatment of sewage. The rural area is an example of such areas. In most farms, the waste is dumped into water bodies or deposited in rudimentary tanks, which can cause numerous diseases, not to mention the contamination of groundwater sources. An alternative to solve this problem is the Wetland (flooded system built). This study analyzed the functioning of Wetland constructed horizontal subsurface flow, using synthetic sewage. The systems were constructed using two plastic drum 200 L in parallel with a working volume of 70 L and 0,48m2 each area. In a barrel were planted 10 seedlings of Zantedeschia aethiopica (glass of milk) using gravel # 1 as support media. The other drum set only gravel paragraph 1 without plant, to compare the efficiency between systems. The systems were operated in batch system, with three episodes. Samples were collected at 4, 8, 12 and 48 hours after the introduction of wastewater systems in a total of 12 samples of each system in the three batches. Analyzes were performed in duplicate for ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), NTK, total-N, phosphorus and COD and uniplicata for temperature, pH, turbidity. The results showed average efficiency for the grown system and without plant 94.27 and 92.74% for ammonia-N, 39.76 and 27.60% for NO2, 77.54 and 83.25% for NO3, 76, 56 and 75.89% for NTK, 76.57 and 75.92% for total N, 76.97 and 79.54% for phosphorus and 72.66 and 72.70% for COD respectively. The evaluation of treatment systems for synthetic sewage revealed that both the bed as cultivated fallow obtained next income, showing that they are effective at removing nutrients, organic matter and retention of suspended solids.