Hidrólise do óleo de soja utilizada em fritura e óleo de macaúba

Abstract

Seeking more attractive and economically viable alternatives currently discusses about the use of renewable sources for biodiesel production. The residual vegetable oils such as soybean oil frying, have been targeted, since they have a lower cost compared to the crude oil and are not competitive with the food industry. However, other cultures can meet the expectations for biodiesel production, and the macaúba oil studied to know which social, economic and environmental benefits provided. The objective was to submit these oils to a hydrolysis reaction to verify the production of FFA from the breakdown of triglyceride molecules, using as catalysts, the Amberlyst®15 resin and KSF clay. The variables studied were the molar ratio of oil water, type and concentration of catalyst, using different acids and different pH values. Thus, for the acid analysis was carried out the titration procedure with KOH. The condition that showed the best results for residual oil of molar ratio of oil: water 1:10 and 6% Amberlyst®15 catalyst at pH 7.0, reaching a value of 7.5 mg KOH / g sample. As for the pulp macaúba oil, which showed a very high initial acidity, the best production was at a molar ratio oil:-water 1:30 with 20% of the same catalyst, acidifying the water to pH 1.0 with nitric acid, resulting in a value of 97 mg KOH / g sample. Yet, when comparing the two types of oils using molar ratio of oil: water 1:50 20% catalyst, acidifying the water under the same conditions, pH 1 with nitric acid, there was a great conversion oil macaúba pulp, achieving a value close to 100 mg KOH / g sample, and a negligible change in acidity of soybean oil frying, the remaining acidity value very close to its starting value.