Sintese enzimática do acetato de eugenila a partir do óleo essencial do cravo-da-índia (Syzygium aromaticum)

Abstract

Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum) has potential for the synthesis of an ester, known as eugenyl acetate, which has flavoring, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but is present in small quantities (1 to 10%) in the oil essential. In this context, the main objective of this work, is the synthesis of eugenyl acetate from the oil of clove, extracted by water vapor drag from dry flower buds, with which the enzymatic synthesis was performed using different lipase enzymes, different reaction temperatures, enzyme content and acetic anhydride:eugenol molar ratio. Extractions of clove essential oil were performed in Clevenger distillers and yielded an average yield of 5.83%, which is satisfactory for the extraction technique. The physicochemical parameters (density, refractive index, solubility, color, odor, appearance and water), tested with clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum) obtained from the extractions, presented satisfactory results and the oil presented a quantity of eugenol, approximately 87%, having a good potential for use in the production of eugenyl acetate. Considering the enzymatic catalysts tested, the Home-Made enzymes, Lipozyme TL 100 L and CALB L, which presented the greatest potential for conversion, was the enzyme Lipozyme TL 100 L with a conversion value of 88.12%. The optimized condition was obtained for the production of eugenyl acetate with parameters of 55 ° C, 1:1 substrate molar ratio, 10% enzyme content and 120 minutes reaction time, since the conversion value 91.80%, and the variables that had a significant influence on the synthesis of eugenyl acetate were the temperature and the catalyst content used in the reaction. The kinetic study showed that the maximum conversion obtained with values greater than 90% was close to the time of 5 hours of reaction. The ester obtained from the synthesis was purified and was not observed by the tests, residues of acetic acid from the reaction, confirming that the purification process was efficient and the Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C) tests used for characterization of the synthesized ester confirmed that the compound is eugenyl acetate by the presence of a methoxy group and an acetoxy group in the molecule. Thus, the results demonstrate the importance of the acetylation and enzymatic catalysis reaction for the conversion of eugenol to eugenyl acetate, making it a more stable compound for use.