Análise de problemas em obras de construção civil decorrentes de falhas na execução

Abstract

The construction industry faces persistent challenges related to execution failures, particularly during the finishing stages, which directly impact building quality, increase costs, and require rework. This study aimed to investigate the main construction issues in multi-story residential buildings, with an emphasis on final finishes. This phase involves a high level of technical requirements, numerous service interfaces, and significant influence on the final customer’s perception. However, it is still often treated as secondary in the control and planning models used on construction sites. Using a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach, six case studies in residential developments were analyzed, applying the FMEA method (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) to classify and prioritize failures based on Severity, Occurrence, and Detection criteria. Additionally, the Pareto diagram was employed to identify the most recurring failures. The results showed that infiltration in expansion joints and sealing systems, resulting from inadequate waterproofing, represent the most critical failures due to their high operational impact and frequent occurrence. The integrated analysis of the methods revealed that a small number of failures concentrate the majority of the risk, enabling strategic targeting of corrective actions. It was concluded that investing in continuous workforce training, strengthening communication between design, execution, and inspection teams, and implementing preventive failure control during execution are viable strategies to ensure technical performance, customer satisfaction, and competitiveness in the construction sector.