Uma investigação sobre atualização remota de firmware em dispositivos LoRaWAN

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) involves devices that connect to the Internet to exchange data. Among the technologies used, the LoRaWAN protocol is notable for its low power consumption and wide coverage. However, firmware updates on LoRaWAN devices present a challenge due to the difficulty of physically accessing these devices. This work evaluates the practical feasibility of Firmware Update Over-the-Air (FUOTA) in LoRaWAN applications. The methodology was applied through a practical case study, using a Nucleo L476RG board with an SX1262 shield. This involved configuring and testing two software libraries, LoRaMac-node and LoRa Basic Modem, with the ChirpStack and AWS IoT Core network servers. During the experiments, update campaigns were executed to analyze behavior and compare the results between the libraries, focusing on fragment transmission, firmware reconstruction, and identifying practical limitations on each platform. The results demonstrated that the process is viable, successfully reconstructing the firmware even with packet loss during transmission. However, a limitation identified is that the libraries do not implement the automatic firmware update, requiring additional implementation by developers.