Análise da aplicação de padrões de projeto em desenvolvimento de jogos eletrônicos

Abstract

Refactoring based on design patterns represents an essential approach in modern software engineering, providing significant improvements in code quality, maintainability, and extensibility of complex systems. This practice establishes a more robust and flexible architecture, facilitating future software modifications and expansions. Therefore, this work conducted a comparative analysis of the application of refactoring techniques and design patterns in electronic game development. The analysis was made possible by implementing a poker game, which was chosen for having few documentation artifacts. The analysis process involved three stages based on two literature methods: game implementation; application of techniques and design patterns; and post-refactoring evaluation. During implementation, the functional and non-functional requirements of the game were identified, as well as the tools for application implementation and automated testing. The application of techniques and design patterns was performed by the author of this work and by the Large Language Models (LLMs) Gemini 2.5 Pro and Claude 3.7 Sonnet used in conjunction with the AI agent of the CURSOR IDE. A set of rules was established to be followed by the LLMs to obtain coherent suggestions and standardize the model implementations so that they would have steps to be followed. The metrics used in the comparison were obtained from the SonarQube tool. As a result, metrics such as lines of code produced, number of classes, and number of issues introduced after refactoring by the author and by the models were collected. Upon analyzing the extracted results, a consensus was reached that implementations can be assisted by LLMs and that a particular model may be better at certain types of tasks such as obtaining context or source code implementation.