Modelagem hidráulica dos sistemas de abastecimento de água e de coleta do esgoto sanitário em uma vila rural

Abstract

Hydraulic modeling serves as a strategic approach to improving the performance of urban water supply systems, aiming to reduce real losses through pressure management, enhance energy efficiency, and mitigate clogging and/or overflow events in sanitary sewage systems. This study aimed to model the water supply systems (WSS) and sanitary sewage systems (SSS) of the Taquara do Reino Rural Village in Ibiporã, Paraná, comparing simulated values with the standards recommended by NBR 12218/2017 (water supply) and NBR 9649/1986 (sanitary sewage). Free software tools EPANET and SWMM were utilized. For the WSS, three scenarios were tested: (1) pumping into the network + elevated reservoir (ER) backup; (2) pumping into the ER and distribution network; and (3) pumping directly into the distribution network + frequency inverter (FI) + pressure-reducing valve (PRV). For the SSS, two scenarios were analyzed for the collection network: (1) domestic sewage (dry weather) and (2) domestic sewage + infiltration water (rainy weather). Key findings for the WSS revealed that scenario 3 adjusted pressures in the distribution network (between 10 m H₂O and 40 m H₂O) with an estimated energy cost of R$ 29.85/day, lower than scenario 1 (R$ 38.06/day) and scenario 2 (R$ 44.61/day). Regarding the SSS, both scenarios complied with NBR 9649/1986 requirements, ensuring water heights in pipes (y/D) below 0.75 and velocities lower than the critical velocity (vc). However, shear stress did not reach the minimum value of 1 Pascal in five sections of scenario 1 (12%) and three sections of scenario 2 (7%).