Resistir para institucionalizar: as lutas dos movimentos de justiça ambiental contra a potência do agronegócio no Brasil

Abstract

The themes that relate to the agricultural issue in Brazil, mainly those linked to the land issue and the agribusiness sector, involve a series of conflicts, discussions and violence, which range from social problems to environmental ones. In this context, of constant struggles, there is the presence of movements called and motivated by Environmental Justice. Their strategies unfold beyond their own contexts and locations, reaching a plurality of actors and fields, of action, research and performance. Environmental justice movements denounce, among other things, the violence of which they are victims, both physical and institutional. In addition to these issues, they also resist the forms of institutionalization affirmed and consolidated by the complex Brazilian land issue, in which agribusiness is established. Thus, it appears that the most vulnerable populations are the main victims of the negative externalities resulting from development, resulting in what are called <sacrifice zones=. Among the various questions that the scenario allows, this work deals with the relationships between environmental justice movements and their influence on the institutionalization of rights. The research aims to analyze the extent to which the actions of environmental justice movements have been relevant to the institutionalization of rights in relation to conflicts linked to Brazilian agribusiness. The analysis begins with a historical review of the commoditization process of Brazilian agriculture, a strategy transplanted to Brazil since the 1960s, under various justifications, including ending world hunger and modernizing agriculture. It then carries out a theoretical discussion about social movements, as well as environmental justice movements and their main forms of action. The analysis also encompasses the notions of distributive, cognitive and representative justice. The dimension of the research imposes its focus on discussions about institutionalization, and, in a complementary way to governance, in conflicts that are directly related to agribusiness and pesticides, problems directly imbued in the growing and unequal Brazilian agrarian issue. This scenario demonstrates how the land sector presents a complex conjecture, of extreme inequality and blatant violence, including institutional violence. It is clear that movements for environmental justice have minimal potential for institutionalizing rights with regard to the logic of agribusiness. This potential, however, refers to the perspective of institutionalization established by the Brazilian land context, agribusiness, as well as the idea of governance, which is guided by the same logic as capital. This means that, when analyzed from other perspectives, the power of the struggles and resistance of the movements expands and reaches national and international perspectives. Their strategies, even if not positive by the State, show results or constitute themselves as mechanisms of struggle. Data construction was mediated by the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). This research is qualitative, the approach is social constructivist. The research uses bibliographic and documentary techniques to collect data that are analyzed based on the theories of institutionalization, as well as those that underlie the present work.