Landgen: um pacote R para medir e visualizar diversidade e endemismo filogenético nos ecossistemas

Abstract

Biodiversity encompasses a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors, shaping the distribution and evolution of species. The inclusion of spatial information in biodiversity analyses has revolutionized our ability to study diversity patterns, revealing hidden regional trends and identifying important conservation areas. Furthermore, the intersection of Ecology and Bioinformatics has allowed for a deeper understanding of ecological and evolutionary patterns through phylogenetic approaches. This work presents the development of the 'landgen' package in R language, designed to quantify phylogenetic diversity and endemism within ecosystems. The main objective is to provide support for understanding the underlying mechanisms driving biodiversity patterns by integrating phylogenetic and spatial data into practical analyses and visualizations. The 'landgen' package offers four distinct functions for data validation, calculation of phylogenetic diversity metrics, and visualization of spatial biodiversity patterns. Results obtained using the 'landgen' package demonstrate its ability to visualize patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in a spatial context. Despite limitations, such as fine-scale visualization, 'landgen' has the potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation studies and prioritize conservation areas based on phylogenetic diversity and endemism. Its continuous development and improvement can expand its applicability and impact in the scientific community, complementing other existing tools for the analysis and comparison of phylogenetic diversity patterns.