Panorama dos danos associados a níveis urinários de parabenos em humanos e quais os mecanismos celulares e moleculares relatados

Abstract

Emerging contaminants, such as parabens, have endocrine-disrupting and bioaccumulating effects, affecting the health and reproduction of organisms. Parabens, widely used, have come under scrutiny due to concerns about adverse effects such as carcinogenic activity, infertility, and other health impacts. A simple and quick way to quantify the presence of these compounds is through biomarkers. Several studies use urine to quantify their presence in the human body, and from them trace likely mechanisms involved in toxicity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the panorama of damages associated with urinary levels of parabens recently published in the academic community and to verify whether the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these damages are being better understood or whether parabens continue to leave doubts regarding their real mechanism of toxicity. The Web of Science (WoS) platform was used for the research. The advanced search was performed by topics (title, abstract, and keywords). The script used was "TS= [ paraben OR parabens AND urinary concentration]. The time range used for the search was filed from 2020 until December 31, 2023. After reading the titles and abstracts, the number of articles used for the extraction of data for development considering the assessment of the quality of the studies and correlation of the content presented with the objectives of this study were included in the next stage of the review: 19 articles Human exposure to parabens, whether through food, cosmetics or environmental sources, presentes health risks, including impacts on neurocognitive development, risk of allergies, effects on the reproductive system, metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer. It has been observed that the analysis of urinary paraben concentration is an excellent alternative for human biomonitoring studies with the possibility of determining not only parabéns but of other contaminants and pollutants. This last fact must be taken into consideration to ensure that the evidence shows that not only parabens in isolation but also several other pollutants, in air, water, and polluted foods, can be contaminated. be associated with increased human toxicity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of parabens are increasingly better elucidated and with the advancement of technology and scientific knowledge, we are increasingly closer to defining the real impact of this compound. The need to balance the use of chemical products with minimizing environmental and human health impacts highlights the importance of continued research and effective regulations in this field.