Estado da Arte da conservação de tecidos vegetais

Abstract

In recent decades, the agricultural sector has grown significantly, leading to the need to preserve seeds and genetic material of plant origin. This is primarily to facilitate the transportation and exchange of these materials among genetic improvement programs. Additionally, the expansion of agricultural cultivation and livestock farming has intensified deforestation and the destruction of natural species, resulting in the extinction of plants. Considering this scenario, the objective of this work is to characterize the current situation, identify different techniques, research fronts, and how biotechnology is contributing to the genetic conservation of plants.To achieve the proposed objectives, a systematic review will be conducted, consulting the Web of Science database, along with the examination of technical documents from institutions such as the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), primarily for the construction of the theoretical framework. Initially, using the descriptors "Seed Bank" and "Tissue Preservation," a search was conducted in the Web of Science database, resulting in 43 studies, of which 9 were considered for the construction of the systematic review. The peak of publications on this topic was observed in 2020, indicating irregular growth. Regarding countries with the most publications, the United States leads with 17 (40.48%) publications, followed by Iran with five (11.90%), and England and Italy with four articles (9.52%) each.Cryopreservation and seed preservation play a fundamental role in conserving the genetic diversity of plants and global food security. Over the decades, these techniques have advanced significantly, allowing for the long-term storage of valuable seeds from a wide variety of species. The importance of these practices cannot be underestimated as they offer a series of crucial benefits for humanity and the environment.