Utilização de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento dos parâmetros temperatura e umidade em composteiras

Abstract

It is estimated that half of the total waste produced in the world are organic matter, and there is an increase in underdeveloped or developing countries. The brazilian definition of waste does not consider the organic fraction because this part of the waste can be recycled and, when it is directed to the landfill, it is no longer reused. Composting is, therefore, an alternative for the treatment of this organic fraction. It is environmentally accepted, safe, complies with the National Solid Waste Policy - PNRS (Brazil, 2010a), and contributes directly to the reduction of environmental liabilities. Aiming at a broader coverage of Presidential Decree No. 5.940 of October 25, 2006, which instituted the separation of recyclable waste discarded by federal public administration bodies and entities (Brazil, 2006), the present research had the objective of developing, analyzing and monitoring the temperature and humidity parameters, in aerobic and anaerobic composting methods, for the treatment of organic solid waste from the University Restaurant (RU) of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), campus Curitiba (PR), Ecoville. The research was divided in 4 stages: characterization of the residues generated by the RU; Development of the Arduino-based Data Acquisition System (SAD); Instrumentation and assembly of the composts and monitoring of temperature and humidity parameters throughout the composting period. The organic wastes generated by the UK were collected, characterized by type and quantified by weight and volume. From the data obtained in the characterization of the residues, we chose the treatment of Uncooked Organic Residues (averaging 50.7% of the total waste generated weekly by the restaurant). For the monitoring of the parameters of temperature and humidity of the composites, a SAD was developed using Arduino, and humidity and temperature sensors. Each compost was instrumented with 3 humidity sensors and 3 temperature sensors fixed vertically inside each one. These sensors transmitted the signals obtained from each sensor individually at 60-minute intervals over 90 days. From the data collected by SAD Arduino, temperature and humidity curves were plotted over time for aerobic and anaerobic composting methods. It can be concluded that Arduino can be an accessible and feasible tool for the development of research activities. KeyWordsSolid waste. Recycling organic waste. Aerobic composting. Anaerobic composting.