Geração de energia fotovoltaica: comparação de um sistema instalado com seu dimensionamento teórico

Abstract

Due to economic growth, the increase in energy demand and consumption over the years and government policies on encouraging the appreciation of the environment with a view to sustainability, energy generation was diversified, encouraging clean and renewable energy. Among the emerging models, the photovoltaic generation system has been standing out, both for consumers with smaller and more expressive demands, mainly because of the source used in the conversion –the sun –being present in any region of the country. The present work proposes a study of comparison and analysis between two scenarios, analyzing the generation both in practice (installed) and in theory (software). The main objective of this study is to compare the energy generated in each of the scenarios, considering weather conditions that may contribute to a better or worse production. For this, the orientation and inclination of the installation site of the photovoltaic generator system, located in a municipality in western Paraná, was defined. The study was carried out in a period of the year considering six months, namely: June, July, August, September, November and December. In each month, the daily generation was analyzed, and, after that, all data were tabulated and treated monthly in a boxplot chart. The results show a generation of 62,136.1 kWh­1in the studied period, while the design estimated 58,803.1 kWh­1for the same period. The actual generation, higher by 5.36%, was justified by the atypical climate of droughts and water crisis (favorable to photovoltaic generation). In conclusion, it was found that a photovoltaic generator system, no matter how ideal the situation, suffers from external influences that can change the expected generation over the analyzed period, justifying studies that seek to correlate environmental agents with the performance of photovoltaic generation.