Solidariedade: um estudo anarquista a partir da história oral temática

Abstract

This study aims to comprehend, based on the anarchist theoretical framework, the presence of solidarity in the stories of four retired or disengaged individuals from the formal job market, who have adopted a lifestyle focused on supporting others. The research is grounded in anarchist theoretical foundations, drawing from the contributions of thinkers such as Emma Goldman, Errico Malatesta, León Tolstói, Louise Michel, Maria Lacerda de Moura, Mikhail Bakunin, Murray Bookchin, Pierre Proudhon, Piotr Kropotkin, and Voltairine Cleyre. It also presents anarchist practices and networks. Furthermore, the study briefly discusses the theme in the field of Sociology, with contributions from Émile Durkheim, Jürgen Habermas, and Hauke Brunkhorst, as well as in Roman law, Christianity, and the French Revolution. Additionally, it establishes a discussion on the subject from the context of the Covid- 19 pandemic. The chosen method for qualitative research was Oral History, with a focus on Thematic Oral History. The data analysis was based on five anarchist categories: four defined by John Nightingale – the connection between the individual and the collective, universal inclusion, collective responsibility, and the social production of individuality, and one by our understanding of the subject: networks of solidarity action. From the defined categories, during the data manipulation, a potential outcome was found: satisfaction or happiness. Based on the collected accounts, it was concluded that, even in a context of inequalities, the elements that constitute anarchist solidarity are present in the reality of our participants, although they do not express action for the sake of social revolution, despite desiring to experience a better society.