Construção de uma fresadora CNC de três eixos com adaptação para corte e gravação a laser

Abstract

Computer numerical control (CNC) machines employ a high technology when it comes to precision machining, being able to work with different types of materials. This work aims to present the construction of a computerized numerical control machine, demonstrating step by step its construction, all the materials used, as well as electronic drawings, schematics and control software. The idea for the construction of this machine arose due to the difficulties of project development within the automation and development laboratory (LAD), these difficulties are found in the process of creating electronic circuit boards, their respective cases and other parts. With this type of machinery, it is possible to provide advantages such as time optimization in the development process of the projects, better quality of finishing in order to make more professional products. This machine was built with aluminum structural profile, trapezoidal spindle, Nema step motors and the control platform used was the Arduino running the open source GRBL firmware. The result of this project was a lightweight machine, resistant and constituted of materials of easy acquisition. The machine was calibrated, and the tests indicated quality in the work with engraving on MDF (medium density wood fiber), requiring the user to ensure that the plate to be milled is level in respect to the machine. The laser tests were not carried out due to lack of funds to acquire the material, but the machine supports laser fitting on its head. As future improvements, it is suggested the implementation a self­leveling system, and the improvement of spindles and nuts to avoid gaps that have been found in the machine’s drive system.