Efeito de diferentes fatores no valor de bezerros comercializados em leilões nas regiões sudoeste do Paraná e oeste de Santa Catarina

Abstract

The objective of this work was to identify and analyze the influence of some factors on the value, in reais, of the Kg of the calf traded in auctions. For this, information was used from 1,642 lots of calves negotiated in 38 auctions held in 2019 in Dois Vizinhos, Francisco Beltrão, Pato Branco, Água Doce, São Miguel do Oeste and Concórdia, cities in the Southwest of Paraná (PR) and West of Santa Catarina (SC).The effect of the two Regions, of the gender, males (M) or females (F), and the age of the calves, being young (YC, < 7 months) and old calves (OC,> 8 months) were studied. For the analysis of the commercial seasons, three periods were used, 1 (February, March, April, May), 2 (June, July, August) and 3 (September, October, November). When evaluating the calf weights, LW (< 170 Kg), MW (171 to 225 Kg) and HW (> 226 Kg) were considered, and for the lot size, the number of animals was small (SL <7), lot medium (ML, 8 to 12) and large lot (LL,> 13). For the evaluation of the genetic groups were considered, BB (purebred British breeds, crossed with each other or with Zebu cattle up to 50%), CB (purebred continental breeds, crossed with each other or with Zebu cattle up to 50%): ZB pure Zebu breeds or crossed with each other) and XB (mixed breed or not defined breed). The information was tabulated in Microsoft Excel®️ spreadsheets and the different groups were subjected to analysis of variance was performed using the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%, using the GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS (Statistical Analysis System - SAS Studio University Edition version 3.5). All statistical differences observed were p <0.0001. In SC (R $ 6.53) the price is slightly higher than in PR (R$ 6.03). Group of males was superior to group of females (R $ 6.49; R $ 5.87, respectively) and YC (R $ 6.38) was higher than OC (R $ 5.96). There was a difference between the periods and between the lot sizes, being: 3 (R $ 6.47), 1 (R $ 6.13) and 2 (R $ 5.78) and LL (R $ 6.55), ML (R $ 6.32) and SL (R $ 6.05), respectively. For weight, the result was higher for MW (R $ 6.36) than LW (R $ 6.15) and HW (R $ 6.07). As for the genetic groups of the calves, there was also a difference between all groups: CB (R $ 6.95), BB (R $ 6.45), ZB (R $ 6.19) and XB (R $ 5.89). In conclusion, this study suggests that the calves are a little more valued in the West of Santa Catarina than in the Southwest of Paraná. If the producer wants to maximize his sales values per Kg of calf, he must prioritize the sale of young calves, with medium weight, large lots, males, during the months of September, October and November. It is evident the importance of genetic quality and racial standardization of the lots in the value of the calves, thus suggesting the preference for animals of continental or crossed breeds and then for British or crossed breeds, followed by Zebu animals. Finally, calves from indiscriminate crossings, without control, without standard, here called animals without defined genetics, should be avoided, as they are the least valued.