Cultivares de diferentes grupos de maturação em ambientes de fertilidades distintas

Abstract

Among agricultural crops, soybean is the one that has shown the greatest growth in area over the last few decades. This territorial expansion is associated with exploration in different production environments, with great edaphoclimatic and management variations, which has required research in more specific environments, aiming to maximize the productivity of different cultivars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and productive performance of soybean cultivars, from different groups of relative maturity, in two production environments, contrasting for soil chemistry. The trials were conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, in the 2019/20 and 2020/21 crop years. In the first crop year, 15 cultivars were tested and in the second crop year, 16 cultivars. The variables analyzed were: shoot dry mass in V2, 14 and 28 days after the first collection, plant height, insertion of the first pod, number of pods and grains per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains, productivity and harvest index. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by comparison of means by Scott Knott and Pearson correlation. In general, the cultivars had greater accumulation of shoot dry mass and productive performance when cultivated in the area of greater fertility, in both seasons; however, with some variations. The harvest index, since it presented a slight to intermediate correlation with the grain yield of the cultivars, cannot be used as the only parameter to evaluate their productive efficiency.