Utilização do basalto como elemento arquitetônico visando proteção térmica de residências

Abstract

Basalt is an igneous rock often found in southern Brazil. Due to its characteristics, it is widely used in civil construction, mainly in paving and molding. The main objective of this work is to present a noble destination for basalt powder, a by-product of quarries and which ends up being, many times, underused. The solution to this would be to use it in the construction of shingle roof. The basalt was collected in natura, crushed and sieved. It was subjected to chemical characterization tests (FTIR, DRX and Thermal Analysis) and mechanical characterization tests (tensile test) to analyze the possibility in tile construction. In the DRX and in the FTIR the presence of the anorthite phase was observed and in the Thermal Analysis the melting of the material was noticed. Basalt was also incorporated into a prototype shingle roof to perform tensile tests. Regarding the chemical characterization tests, the results were positive, as the basalt used contained materials suitable for its use in tiles, having satisfactory resistance, in addition to the materials showing good thermal resistance. However, the mechanical characterization tests were different than expected, as the samples with basalt broke. The use of basalt powder, commonly discarded in quarries, as a component of shingle roof is interesting in giving a new destination to basalt powder due its chemical characteristics of the anorthite phase found in it, in addition to the use of an underutilized material.