Análise do rendimento na conversão de energia solar em energia elétrica, de quatro tecnologias de células fotovoltaicas, na cidade de Campo Mourão do Estado do Paraná

Abstract

The analysis of the efficiency of grid-connected photovoltaic systems (SFVCR) is useful for the expansion of this modality of electricity generation. They are necessary for the evaluation of products, contributing to the choice of the best solutions. Merit indices are parameters that allow the comparison of systems in terms of design, technology or geographic location; and validate models for estimating system performance during the design phase. They are established by the International Energy Agency (IEA), which are described in the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 61724 (IEC, 1998). These parameters define the photovoltaic system, with respect to energy production and the effect of losses on the system. They are: capacity factor (FC), productivity (Y, from English Yield) and performance ratio (TD), also known as performance ratio (PR). Monocrystalline silicon technologies, polycrystalline silicon, and two thin film technologies, cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper, indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) were evaluated. Cadmium telluride technology has the lowest performance in STC (Standard Testing Conditions) conditions, among the data presented by the manufacturer. However, it was the one that presented the best results in the merit indexes. It was also verified that thin film technologies present a correlation between the monthly performance rate and the number of cold days in the period. The CdTe technology showed a negative correlation, decreasing when the number of cold days increases, and the CIGS technology showed a positive correlation, increasing its performance rate as the number of cold days increases. In the analysis of the influence of dirt, it was possible to evaluate the best interval to clean the modules, through the comparison between equivalent panels, of monocrystalline and polycrystalline technologies.