Perdas na colheita da soja na safra 2017/18

Abstract

Soya (Glycine max) is the most cultivated agricultural commodity in Brazil in the summer season, and it generates a great financial profit for the country. Grain losses at harvest significantly affect productivity and profitability of producers, since the acceptable level of crop losses is up to 60 kg ha''. Therefore, the objective of this study was to diagnose and quantify the main causes of soybean grain losses in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos. To evaluate grain losses, a 2 m frame was used to collect the grains found in the demarcated area before and after harvest. The experimental design was the completely randomized design (DIC) with four replicates. The treatments consisted of fifteen harvesters of different properties. The collected grains were taken for weighing and oven drying at 105°C to obtain moisture and subsequent standardization at 13%. The morphological characteristics of the soybean plants were analyzed, the operational performance and characteristics of the harvesters and the qualification of the operators. The average losses in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos were 101.96 kg ha'', almost 42 kg above the acceptable level for EMBRAPA, having as main causes of losses the low height of insertion of the first pod together with the increase of the height of cut by the platform, and the harvesters with more than hours of work.