Especialização versus diversificação na agricultura: um estudo de caso do sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The new stage that agriculture has been going through since World War II coincided with that of the Consolidation of Capitalism as an Economic System. With guaranteed productivity gains achieved, it was possible to 'sustain' the growing demand for food as a function of population growth. The agricultural sector sees it forcing / intensifying the specialization of rural properties, when they pay more for those who produce more, demanding that rural producers strive to reach a certain ceiling of production. The objective of this work is to analyze the process of Specialization versus diversification of the agriculture of southwest of Paraná. In order to achieve this goal, research was conducted on the relationship between specialization and diversification. For this purpose, secondary data were used in official sources of the last 25 years of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), between 1990 and 2015, for the Southwest region of Paraná. These official data were consulted based on Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM), Municipal Livestock Production (PPM) and IBGE's Agricultural Census. From the data obtained through the agricultural census, WFP and PPM, it can be seen that sudoestina agriculture has specialized over time in activities that have a consolidated market, such as the production of grains (soybean, corn and wheat , mainly), poultry farming and dairy activity. With the analysis of the work in question, it is possible to conclude that the development of agriculture in the Southwest Region of Paraná was largely responsible for the development led by financial capital, both with regard to the investments designated for export products or even those of consumption of the local industries.