Alelopatia entre as fruteiras nativas para germinação de araçás amarelo e vermelho

Abstract

Plants in nature interact with each other, and often metabolites are produced and re-leased by some as a way of establishing themselves in the environment, controlling the germination and growth of other species. This work aimed to evaluate the allelopa-thic effects of substances extracted infusion, maceration and alcoholicfrom the leaves of ten native fruit trees by means of three extraction techniques on the germination of yellow and red araça. The extracts were obtained from manually collected leaves of native fruit species of yellow and red araça tree (P. cattleianum), pêssego do mato tree (Eugenia myrcianthes), guabiju tree (Myrcianthes pungens), guabiroba tree (Campomanesia xanthocarpa), pitanga tree (Eugenia uniflora), sete capote tree (Campomanesia guazumifolia), uvaia tree (Eugenia pyriformis), cereja do mato tree (Eugenia involucrata), jaboticaba tree (Pliniasp.) and water. The work was carried out at the Fed-eral Technological University of Paraná – Dois Vizinhos Campus. The extracts were obtained through the techniques of infusion, maceration and hydroalcoholic extract.The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with factorial scheme 11 x 3 (fruit tree x extraction technique), with four replications of 100 seeds per exper-imental unit for the yellow araça tree. For the red araça tree, due to seed limitation, a completely randomized design was adopted, with four replications of 50 seeds per ex-perimental unit, with 19 treatments, being possible to evaluate the control (distilled wa-ter), the technique extraction by maceration with the leaves of: purple passion fruit; yellow spider monkey; red araçazeiro; bush peach; guabijuzeiro; guabirobeira and pi-tangueira, and extracts by infusion of the leaves of: purple passion fruit; yellow ara-çazeiro; red araçazeiro; bush peach; guabijuzeiro; guabirobeira; pi-tangueira; seven capoteiro; uvaia tree; bush cherry; jabuticaba tree. The germination (%), the germina-tion speed index (IVG) and average germination time (days) were analyzed until 42 days after the implementation of the experiment.Regarding the extraction technique, the use of extracts obtained by maceration was more efficient in acting as an allelopa-thic substance, with lower averages for germination percentage and IVG for yellow araçazeiro seeds, the inhibition of germination occurred with the use of extracts from leaves of purple passion fruit and guabijuzeiro and, for redaraça, germination was lower than 10% using the same extracts mentioned, together with those obtained from yellow and red araça, wild peach, guabirobeira and Surinam cherry.