Autismo: métodos e técnicas utilizados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem

Abstract

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a global disorder of child development that manifests itself before the age of three, and lasts for a lifetime. It is characterized by several symptoms that affect the social, communication and behavioral areas.This work will deal with the methods and techniques used with autistic children in the school environment, so we will start by describing autism and reporting a little about its historical context and development, showing the difficulties faced by parents and professionals who work with children who have the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aiming to demonstrate the technical principles to be worked on for a more meaningful learning, being the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) that comes with the purpose of developing in the autistic, skills in relation to communication, interaction , social adaptation and autonomy, where its methodology is based on the execution of activities and the observation of the behaviors offered as a response, The Communication System Through the Exchange of Figures (PECS) which aims to enable or expand the communication of people with disorders development, especially when it comes to autism, this method helps autistic understand that through the communication made by the exchange of figures, you can get what you want more quickly. And the Treatment and Education for Autistic and Children with Correlated Communication Disorders TEACHH, a method where it is possible to organize and systematize tasks to be performed, so that children's learning is more effective and easier, helping the child modify their behaviors. distraction, resistance to change and lack of motivation. This research is justified by the need to understand how the choice and use of methods and techniques used by teachers in the school environment occurs, in order to improve daily practices, contributing to the development and training of autistic students. In view of the above, it was sought to describe some methods and techniques used by teachers in special education, as well as to survey and identify how these methods and techniques are carried out, by means of surveys of bibliographic references in order to better meet the specificities of these students.