Análise de livros didáticos: avaliação e proposta de atividades práticas como incentivo ao ensino de botânica

Abstract

Given the demotivating scenario in relation to botany classes in Basic Education, combined with the lack of interest in the Vegetal Kingdom, the objective of this work was to carry out the analysis of four Collections of Science books of Elementary Education approved by the PNLD: Projeto Araribá, Ciências - Life & Universe, Natural Sciences - Learning from everyday life and Apoema - Science, above all, from the contents of botany, highlighting its relevance related to the encouragement of practices in the classroom, in addition to proposing a didactic material complementary to the classes. The qualitative analysis was guided by the axes: content, visual resources and activities. Through the results, it was found that the studied area of study was not covered in all years of Elementary Education Final years. It was found that among the observed collections, Ciências Naturais - Aprendendo com o cotidiano and Apoema - Ciências, stood out for presenting more dynamic and diverse approaches. However, not all Collections followed the criteria analyzed satisfactorily, because, in the Projeto Araribá and Ciências - Vida & Universo some limitations were verified, such as the lack of practical approaches, activities based on memorization and lack of contextualization of contents. It was concluded that, all the analyzed collections are applicable; however, they can be complemented and adapted, since it will be difficult to find a material that meets all teaching requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate the Didactic Books, and the teacher should develop strategies that can complement his work and explore more active methodologies. In view of this reality, a complementary material was suggested, the booklet “Botany in practice”, which brings together eight didactic sequences with interactive activities, game suggestions and complementary readings. This material was proposed to make the Botanical classes of the Elementary School Final Years feasible, giving support to teachers and encouraging students to carry out practical activities.