Estratégias ao pousio de outono pós colheita da soja para região centro sul do Paraná

Abstract

The cultivation of species to cover the soil is extremely important in order to promote diversity and stability in the practice of direct planting. Available resources such as nutrients, water and light are used more efficiently and tend to increase soil fertility by the recycling of nutrients due to the increase of organic matter contents and by the improvement in the physical and biological conditions of the soil. There are several crops that can be used to cover the soil but some of these cultures do not express their true potential due to poor development in the environment in which it was inserted. However the adaptation of the crop to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region becomes an essential factor for the choice of the species. So that it aims at an easily managed crop with good straw formation so that subsequent planting is carried out without operational difficulties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the best soil cover in the post-harvest autumn fallow of soybean. The experiment was implemented in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul, PR. The treatments consisted of the use of plant species, ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum), millet (Pennisetumglaucum), oats (Avena sativa) and rye (Secale cereale), as soil cover and fallow as a control. The dry matter production of the plant species and the soil cover provided by aerial images were evaluated. Oats had the highest dry matter yieldof 3,950 kg ha-1 and more than 70% ofthe vegetal cover onthesoil, being the species that presented better adaptation in relation to the date ofplanting, environmental factors of temperature and precipitation in theregionof Laranjeiras do Sul.