PRONATEC: um estudo com egressos no litoral do Paraná

Abstract

This research sought out to investigate the contributions from Pronatec (National Program for Technical Education and Employment Access) on initial and ongoing training courses for the insertion of graduated students into the working world, from March to December 2012, at the Federal Institute of Paraná in Paranaguá. In relation to the methodology and objectives the research was descriptive and explanatory, seeking to describe the characteristics of the former students and contributing to the analysis of possible causes or consequences arising from this Program to the participants‟ life, especially regarding to the aspects of the work. For this purpose, it is presented a discussion about the State and public policies, making a historical overview about the professional qualification programs before Pronatec: the PIPMO (Intensive Plan Preparation of Manpower), PLANFOR (National Plan for Workers‟ Qualification) and PNQ (National Qualification Plan). It also gives the conceptualization of the categories work, professional qualification and employability that support the analysis of Pronatec. The research revealed that these former students from Pronatec at IFPR in 2012 were characterized by young people with a female predominance, mostly between 16 to 25 years old, high school students from public schools in the city of Paranaguá, with family income between 2 to 4 minimum wages and who didn‟t work and didn‟t contribute to the family income during the course. In relation to the course contributions to their integration into the working world, 93% of them reported that their current jobs are not connected to the course held in 2012. Just two from the thirty interviewees reported working in the area of course. When it comes to the employment relationship established between these students and their current occupation it is noted that 23% from those who are working have a signed labor cart. However, a significant part of them work at informal economy (those who reported working without a signed labor cart or formal contract or working as self-employed). Therefore, it is noted a background where jobs are not related to the specific qualification area provided by the courses, added to a high informality rate. On the other hand, even if the job has not been a real gain at the end of the course, the influence of the program on these students‟ life was positive, since many of them have continued their studies, especially to the youngers that at that time were finishing the high school, moreover, many students were motivated to seek new courses by direct influence of the Program. The Pronatec, thus, from the analyzing data, was characterized as an emergency program, aimed to the skilled labour training, as a federal government's response to business demand and/or government interests or from administrative/operational structure from the offerers through the preponderant offer of initial and ongoing training courses, continuing the historical trend of training for simple work in Brazil, not linked to the increase in schooling levels of young students and workers.