Extração dos taninos da espécie Pinus taeda no município de Curitibanos - SC e sua avaliação para aplicação industrial como adesivo modificado

Abstract

This work aimed to study the potential use of the bark of Pine taeda species as a source of extraction of tannins for the adhesives production applied in the timber industry due to its phenolic specification, which makes possible their reaction with formaldehyde at the expense of oil-derived substances usage. Barks of the species P. taeda, located in plantations in the Federal University of Santa Catarina Experimental Farm, in the city of Curitibanos-SC were collected and gravimetric index of total solids, percentage of tannin and non tannins as well as the reactivity of these with formaldehyde by Stiasny index were analyzed. Preliminarily, extractions with sodium sulfite using 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% relative to the weight of the bark at reflux (92 °C) and autoclaved (120 °C) for 3 hours were analyzed. Best results were obtained in the autoclave extraction. A new extraction was evaluated with sodium sulphite, sodium hydroxide and urea percentages of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% using only autoclave as calculating of the same primary contents: total solids percentage of tannin and non-tannin and the reactivity of them with formaldehyde, setting sodium hydroxide as best performance extraction to the percentage of tannin. At the extractions identification with best total revenues, was conducted to characterize by IR - Spectroscopy Infrared techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM , XRD - X-Ray Diffraction and EDS - Energy Dispersive Spectrometry. In another step, was evaluated the formation tie for adhesive gel produced in the addition of 10% formaldehyde and 20% of the formulation compared to commercial tannin. The results demonstrated that it is possible to extract tannins from the bark of Pine taeda species using sodium hydroxide with an average greater than 35% as well as perform the extraction using urea and sodium sulphite in smaller percentages. When measuring the output of the best percentage among levels of tannins and non-tannins, 8% sodium sulfite is the most suitable. By the x -ray diffraction characterization, the samples showed amorphous characteristics and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the tannins extracted surface uniformity and greater internal density without the presence of pores. In reaction with formaldehyde, tannins produced smooth surfaces and porous inside due to the intersection of the molecules by methylenic bridges linking. The gel formation time has demonstrated faster reaction time compared to the commercial tannin.