Perdas na colheita mecanizada de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) no município de Pranchita - PR

Abstract

Despite the high technology that farmers currently have in relation to soy harvesters, there are still many losses in mechanized harvesting of grains, thus diminishing farmers profits. This is the purpose of this work to characterize the mechanized losses of grains in the soybean crop (Glycine max) in commercial crops of the region of Pranchita – PR. Inspections were carried out in the 2016/2017 harvest on rural properties that owned at least one harvester. All evaluations were performed with the presence of the machine operator in order to avoid any operational contact with the machine. The data collection was carried out in the municipality of Pranchita – PR located in the southwest of Paraná, totaling 29 harvesters in different properties. During the inspection, parameters related to the machine (time of use and trail system), operator (schooling, participation in training and time of profession) and cropping (height of plants and insertion of the first pod, presence of lodging were evaluated And weeds, grain moisture at harvest and productivity). Data were submitted to an exploratory analysis, using descriptive statistics. Harvesters had an average loss of 94.58 kg ha-1. The main causes of losses were associated with the use of machines with more than 10 years of use, low insertion height of the first pod, grain moisture at harvest above recommended and lack of training and training of operators. The newer machines presented lower losses when compared to the older machines. The largest losses occurred in the cutting platform, being 72.96%, while the track and separation and cleaning systems accounted for 27.04% of the losses related to the machines.