Qualidade de frutos e componentes de rendimento de pessegueiro ‘BRS Kampai’ sobre diferentes porta-enxertos clonais

Abstract

The peach tree (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a fruit species of great worldwide relevance, and its fruits are used both for in natura consumption and for industry. The use of rootstock influences productive, vegetative, phenological and fruit quality characteristics of the canopy. In Brazil the research with peach rootstocks is incipient and most of the rootstocks are obtained through seeds. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological and productive behavior of the 'BRS Kampai' peach cultivar grafted on 17 different clonal rootstocks, and the self-rooted clone. The experiment was done at the experimental area of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Campus Pato Branco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 18 treatments (rootstocks) and four replications, totaling 72 experimental units (plants). Vegetative, phenological, productive and fruit quality variables were evaluated. The data were tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test and were submitted to analysis of variance (P≤0.05) and, when a significant difference between means were observed the data were submitted to the Scott-Knott group test (P≤0.05). The plants 'self-rooted', and grafted on 'Flordaguard', 'Mexico Fila 1', 'G x N.9' and 'Tsukuba-3' presented larger canopy volume. The 'Tsukuba-2' and 'Tsukuba- 3' rootstocks showed more compact flowering, less than 12 days. In relation to fruit size, the rootstocks are separated into two groups, one with higher-quality fruits reaching the market requirements. This was composed by the ‘self-rooted’ clone and by the rootstocks 'México-Fila 1', 'Barrrier' 'Flordaguard' and 'Capdeboscq'. The plants grafted on 'Tsukuba-2' and 'Barrier' were the ones that presented the highest yields per plant and higher productivity with more than 10 tons per hectare. The rootstocks did not influence the concentration of soluble solids, the total acidity, the firmness of the pulp and the coloring of the fruits. The ratio between soluble solids and total acidity was higher in the fruits obtained from plants grafted on 'G x N.9', 'Capdeboscq', 'Rigitano', 'Clone 15', 'Ishtara' and in the self-rooted clone. Thus, it can be concluded that rootstocks influence the vigor, phenology and production of the cultivar-canopy. The highlights rootstocks in the evaluated characteristics were 'Tsukuba-2' and 'Barrier'.