Avaliação fenológica, componentes de rendimento e qualidade de frutos de pessegueiro

Abstract

The peach tree is one of the most planted temperate fruit tree species in the world, and is currently cultivated in subtropical climates. In these regions, the peach tree cultivation presents some barriers, such as the lack of cold and the high thermal oscillations during the winter period. Currently there are several cultivars with low and medium chilling requirement, which are recommended for these regions, but there is still much to improve in the search for the desired ideotype for regions of subtropical climate. Thus the study in several places with genotypes of different market purposes is interesting to seek this ideotype, and to provide information for an adequate cultivar recommendation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the adaptability of peach genotypes with different chilling requirement as to their phenological behavior, production and fruit quality in subtropical climate condition.The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replicates of 29 genotypes (treatments). The experiment was installed at the Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Campus Pato Branco, in June 2013. In 2017, phenology, yield components and fruit quality variables were evaluated. Flowering of genotypes occurred between June and September, with 'BRS Rubimel' the first to reach full bloom and 'Della Nona' the last to bloom. The harvest varied from the first half of October until the first half of December, demonstrating the possibility of combining these genotypes to have a staggered production. Regarding the yield components, the genotypes 'Maciel', 'BRS Bonão' and 'Conserva 1566' presented high productivity, but with fruits of medium size and weight. On the other hand, the genotypes 'Cascata 1787', 'BRS Fascínio', 'Granada', 'Cerrito' and 'BRS Rubimel' presented medium to low yields, but with fruit size and weight much higher than the others. In relation to the physical-chemical qualities, the genotypes 'Cascata 1787', 'BRS Fascínio' and 'BRS Rubimel' obtained the highest values of RATIO, that is, low acid and very sweet. The genotypes 'Conserva 1566', 'Flordaprince', 'BRS Libra' and 'Vanguarda' showed very acidic flavor. The firmness of pulp with bark was higher for the 'Cascata 1020' and 'Cerrito' genotypes, and for firmness of pulp without bark ‘BRS Rubimel', 'Cascata 1020' and 'Granada' genotypes were obtained the highest values. Thus, cultivars ‘BRS Fascínio’, 'BRS Rubimel' and ‘BRS Regalo’ can be recommended for the market of peachs in natura, and 'Cerrito', 'Maciel' and 'BRS Bonão' cultivars for the market of peachs for industrialization, and it is also to use them for the in natura market. With these genotypes it is possible to stagger production due to different harvesting times.