Fontes de enxofre e manejo de nitrogênio na produtividade e qualidade industrial de trigo

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfur (S) and the management of nitrogen (N) coverage in relation to grain yield and Wheat industrial quality. Three experiments were conducted in the field, on winter 2013 season, in Captain Leônidas Marques, Realeza and Santa Isabel do Oeste, Paraná state. In all the three places were used the wheat cultivar CD 150, sown in the straw of wheat. We used the experimental of randomized blocks with three replications in a 3x4 factorial design. The treatments consist of two sulfur sources (gypsum and elemental sulfur patched, applied by throwing at tillering, witness) and forms of nitrogen application in coverage (100% at tillering; 100% in the elongation and 50% + 50%, Witness). The doses used are 80 kg ha-1 S and N, being the nitrogen applied in the urea form coated with inhibitor of urease (41% of N). The Weather conditions (rainfall and frost) observed in the conduct of experiments resulted in a general productive low average of experiments. It was observed, in general, no significant differences between the N management tested for grain yield (RG) and relative chlorophyll index (IRC), there is high direct correlation between these variables. The use of elemental sulfur patched increased by 16.3% grain yield testing in Realeza, compared to witness. The forms of management of N in coverage positively influenced the wet gluten content (GU) and the elastic índex (IE) the flour, where stood out the application of N a single dose at the beginning of elongation and better management. There wasn’t have an increase in gluten strength (W) in relation to sources of sulfur and to N coverage for cultivate CD 150. The flour yield was positively influenced by the use of nitrogen in coverage (independent of management) and the applied sulfur sources with the advantage elemental sulfur patched in relation to agricultural plaster. The association between agronomic traits and industrial quality parameters indicated that treatment with higher grain yields and have higher foliar chlorophyll are crucial in obtaining flour with higher GU e IE but with a tendency towards a lower and low extraction flour. Therefore, for the cultivate CD 150 wheat, just one application of nitrogen in coverage in elongation ensures good grain yield benefits to some Wheat quality parameters. However, the results are inconclusive regarding about the use of sulfur sources in wheat, due to adverse weather conditions recorded. The conduction of new tests with elemental sulfur patched used at the base of fertilization is oriented, which could enhance oxidation at ground. Further studies should be conducted in a position to higher grain yields and covering other wheat cultivars enhancer class.