Análise multicritério aplicada ao zoneamento ambiental em parte da região metropolitana de Londrina

Abstract

The Environmental Zoning consists of the union of environmental and socioeconomic information to indicate aptitude or vulnerability of an area. Multicriteria Analysis (AMC) is a decision support technique for solving problems with several related criteria, by identifying alternatives to the objective considered. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to prupose recommended areas for conservation and socioeconomic development by AMC in the northern portion of Londrina and neighboring cities. The study area contemplates a part of Londrina’s Metropolitan Region. The AMC technique adopted was the Hierarchical Process Analysis (AHP), which allows the attribution of weights to a set of input variables by their qualitative matching. The criteria considered for conservation AHP were: the proximity to Permanent Protection Area (APP); to vegetation; to Priority areas for conservation and recovery; to Mata dos Godoy State Park (PEMG); to Zone of Damping of the park provided in the management plan and to Apertados Basin. For the other objective, it was considered: the proximity to urban area; to road mesh and; to industrial, commercial and agricultural areas. The land use and occupation map was elaborated from the supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood and Bhattacharya) of a Remote Sensing image (Landsat 8). The database was elaborated by operations on vector data, such as APP delimitation. Two synthesis maps were generated: one with the AHP method and all the mentioned variables, and another one in which the areas destined to development were determined only considering the distance to urban areas and road network. The combination of data was performed by the Multi-Objective Land Allocation (MOLA) adapted method, that allows the generation of neutral, conflicting, destined to conservation or destined to development area. The procedures were performed in Spring and QGIS software. The class with the highest percentage area in the land use and occupation map generated by the supervised classifiers was the agricultural one (66.13%). About 9% of the study polygon represents APP areas. The variables that had the greatest weight generated by conservation and development AHP were PEMG and urban area, respectively. By the MOLA adapted method, conflict areas were not identified. The neutral areas had the highest percentage in the two combinations by the method, with 37.89% and 42.67% for two AHPs and with only one, respectively. It was possible, so, to determinate the proper areas to conservation and development in the study area. Studies like this one are important to show the alternatives to conciliate the economic development and environmental conservation.