G-NET: um protocolo de roteamento baseado em algoritmos genéticos para redes AD HOC veiculares

Abstract

Ad hoc networks are those the nodes themselves work like routers, clients and servers simultaneously. Mobile ad hoc networks are known as MANETs and VANETs are a specific MANET to vehicle networks that the nodes are vehicles with wireless radios to exchange information. On communication between vehicles happen problems that MANETs are not qualified to solve. Thus, on simple mobile networks the people move in small spaces with their computers and usually have fixed points that facilitate the constant communication. But in VANETs, the high mobility of vehicles causes many problems as rapid and frequent changes in network topology, heterogeneous vehicles, disjoints nodes and links, obstacles and requiring fast delivery that MANETs were not prepared to solve. The DSR is a reactive routing protocol for MANET that only discovers routes when it needs to send data. The DSR is source route, for this it stores and uses route vectors (complete routes) from source to destination, unlike hop-by-hop protocols that know only the next hop. This document proposes a new routing protocol based on DSR, using genetic algorithm to meet the requirements of VANET networks. The DSR was adopted because it is a source route protocol that enables using genetic algorithm techniques, which nodes can be genes and chromosomes are routes. The new protocol is called G-Net and has a new mode of operation, modifying completely the maintaining routes of DSR. The G-Net aims to update and optimize routes periodically so that the routes with lower latency are chosen for data transmission. The dissertation investigates the behavior about average delivery ratio and routing overhead of the G-Net compared to DSR and AODV. The analysis of these routing protocols was performed with the generator mobility VanetMobiSim for more realistic simulation of vehicle movements in an urban environment, as well as network simulation ns-3 software. Experiments were conducted with different number of vehicle and the results show that despite increasing the routing overhead with respect to DSR, G-net continues with lower overhead in relation to AODV and has an average delivery ratio higher than the two other protocols in analyzed scenarios.