Padrão cinemático da fase de impulsão utilizado pelos atletas de salto em distância de elite

Abstract

The long jump has been one of the most researched athletic events in recent years. To study this event in an efficient way, it has been segmented into four phases: approach run, takeoff, flight and fall. Given the need for greater understanding of the sport's technical biomechanics, this work presents a description of what the standard kinematics upon thrust of the long jump, according to the sixteen best results of the 2009 and 2011 Athletics World Championships. For the treatment of data were used calculations of means, standard deviation and amplitude. From a literature review on the thrust angle variables, minimum knee angle of the takeoff leg, trunk angle, horizontal speed, vertical speed, thrust and speed loss rate, a comparison was made between what was prescribed in the literature and realized in practice. It was possible to identify the horizontal speed as the determining factor for greater distance of horizontal displacement jump. The variables collected show that despite this, other factors from the remaining phases of the long jump can also make the difference for a better result. Some results varied outside the considered ideal, but overall the pattern of the data agreed with the research on the concepts already established in the literature.