Intensidade temporal do uso da terra e suscetibilidade de acúmulo de contaminantes na sub-bacia do Rio do Campo em Campo Mourão – PR

Abstract

Deforestation and intense use of agricultural areas have negatively impacted watersheds. Pesticide contamination in water bodies has become a common fact, as Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides by volume. The conservation of forest areas plays an important role in the containment of these compounds, as they serve as a natural barrier, preventing them from reaching the water body by carrying rainwater. Therefore, in order to better understand the behavior of runoff and sedimentation of watersheds, several indexes and indicators are built using geoprocessing tools, remote sensing and geostatistical analysis to determine the behavior of compounds as pesticides in the soil. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce the susceptibility chart of pesticide contamination in the Rio do Campo subbasin, Campo Mourão-PR, generated from the topographic indexes (Stream Power Index, LS-Factor and Topographyc Wetness Index) and also the chart of intensity of use and occupation of the soil. The results obtained were presented in indices or numerical values. Of the 7694.35 hectares in the sub-basin area, 75.12% is monoculture use, representing a large use of pesticides in the sub-basin. With the NDVI indices, a 28.67% increase in forest cover (including forestry) was observed between 1985 and 2018. With the intensity of land use, it was observed that 471.27 ha of vegetation remain intact during this period. The susceptibility chart of pesticide contamination presented the médium susceptibility of contamination, being 86.15% of ithe area Sub-basin, followed by low susceptibility 9.32%, no susceptibility 3.9% and high susceptibility 0.59%.