Levantamento florístico das espécies de trepadeiras no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

Every passing day forests are cleared for diferent reasons, causing major environmental impacts. In order to preserve biodiversity and energy resources, Conservation Units were created. The Iguaçu National Park is a type of CU that is reminiscent of representativity Seasonal Semidecidual Forest. Therefore, was realized the floristic survey of creepers species of the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná - Brazil, with the objective of determining the composition of lianas present, even as your dispersal syndromes and climbing habit, and map the covered trails to collaborate with the knowledge of the community to support future works related to this way of life and study area. The PARNA Iguaçu comprises 185,262.5 hectares of total area, which includes 14 municipalities, being Céu Azul, Foz do Iguaçu, Matelândia, São Miguel do Iguaçu, Santa Tereza do Oeste e Serranópolis do Iguaçu overed in this study. The weather is identified as Cfa - humid subtropical, with minimum temperatures of 5 ° C and maximum 40 ° C with air relative humidity above 80%. To collect the material, expeditions were made every fifteen days between the months of May 2015 and May 2016. One hundred eleven species into sixty-seven genus and thirty five families were identified. The most representative botanical families in number of species were: Sapindaceae (14), Bignoniaceae (13), Convovulaceae (nine), Apocynaceae (eight), Asteraceae (seven), Fabaceae (seven), Dioscoreaceae (four) Amanranthaceae (three), Cucurbitaceae (three), Malpighiaceae (three), Malvaceae (three), Rosaceae (three), Rubiaceae (three) e Solanaceae (three). These 14 families represent 74.8% of the total number of recorded species. Were identified three species considered rare in the category of extinction, Mikania microptera DC., Prestonia riedelii (Müll.Arg.) Markgr. and Prestonia tomentosa R.Br., and in danger, Strychnos rubiginosa A.DC. according to the Red List of endangered plants in the state of Paraná. Regarding the dispersal syndromes, 52% of the species were classified as anemochorous, 25% and 23% as zoochorous as autochorous. Referring to the climbing habit, 34.3% were classified exclusively as flighty, 37.1% as supporters and 20% as prehensile. Outcomes in this study are similar to those made in seasonal semideciduous forests. When compared to the preliminary survey, there was an increase of 49.5% of identified species, showing that periods of flowering and fruiting differ from each other.