Lipases imobilizadas em resíduos têxteis com partículas magnéticas e aplicação em biocatálise

Abstract

Due to the high generation of by-products, the need arises for means that aim at a good destination for these wastes. Agroindustrial residues can be used as substrates for microbial fermentation and lipase production, which can be applied as biocatalysts in diverse chemical reactions, for example, transesterification reactions for the synthesis of biodiesel and hydrolysis reactions for the treatment of greasy effluents. Thereby the objective of this work was to produce a stable and low cost biocatalyst for application in the treatment of greasy effluents. The fungus used as lipase producer was Botryosphaeria ribis EC-01, the production was carried out by submerged fermentation, in a medium containing soybean cake and glycerol in a previously optimized condition. After production, the lipases were immobilized in textile residues generated in UTFPR laboratories, experiments were performed with the residue with and without incorporated magnetic particles. The application of particles is a mechanism used to facilitate the removal of immobilized from the reaction medium. Factorial schedules were used to determine the best immobilization condition, thus defining the ideal physico-chemical parameters (temperature stability, pH and different solvents). It was possible to validate three immobilization conditions for tissue support (TE) and one condition for the support of tissue with magnetic particles (TEPM). The biocatalyst produced in the two substrates presented good thermal stability, maintaining an adequate residual activity up to 24h incubation, optimum pH in a more alkaline range, around 7.0 and 8.0, and optimum temperature of 60 ° C. This biocatalyst was efficient in the reaction of hydrolysis with soybean oil and subsequent chemical esterification, therefore being possible to produce one biodiesel per process catalyzed half by lipases and half chemically. Besides that, this work presented a better allocation of different industrial and agroindustrial residue providing a stable, efficient and economical biocatalyst for the treatment of greasy effluents.