Caracterização da qualidade de frutos de araçazeiro vermelho (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) em Verê e Dois Vizinhos - Paraná

Abstract

The Myrtaceae family has almost all the native Brazilian fruit trees scattered throughout the country. The genus Psidium is one of the most exploited in the family with approximately 100 species. However, the most species lack information on their diversity and potential for breeding, such as the Psidium cattleianum, which results in little commercial exploitation. This work characterized, through the fruit quality, of 40 and 21 genotypes located in the Dois Vizinhos and Verê cities, in the Southwest of Paraná region, in the period of 2017 and 2018, with the objective selected superior genotypes, respectively. To evaluation, 60 fruits of each genotype were collected, later divided into three lots of 20 fruits, in which they were analysed for polar and equatorial diameters, bark thickness, total fresh mass and pulp, pH, titratable total acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA - ratio, soluble protein content, total and reducing sugars. Data were analysed in univariate and multivariate tests, and the selection criterion of 20% of the genotypes considered as superior in the set of variables analysed in each year was adopted. Grouping analysis were effective when grouping the genotypes, however the grouping by UPGMA resulted in only two groups for both cycles analysed. The clustering by Tocher resulted in a greater number of groups, corroborated with the results of the UPGMA analysis, in the separation of the most dissimilar genotypes. For the 2017 cycle, the genotypes ranked and recommended for selection were D11, D13, V2, D16, D15, D17, D1 and V1 and, for the 2018 cycle the selection included D14, V12, V5 and V4 genotypes. Future crosses should be made between genotypes D20, V5 and V3 for the best performance in univariate analysis, and genotype V17 for greater dissimilarity among all genotypes analysed, as a source of variability.