Análise dos aspectos institucional, eficiência e custos da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de Colombo/PR

Abstract

Sustainability indicators can be used as a tool to evaluate the sustainability of the management of Selective waste collection. The objective of this research was to evaluate the institutional aspects, efficiency and costs, in the System of Selective Collection of solid urban waste, through the sustainability indicators, using as a case study in the city of Colombo / PR. The project was developed in three steps. The first one, a diagnosis was made of the management of household waste collection in the city, laying emphasis on Selective waste collection. In the second step were measured and evaluated sustainability indicators of the Selective waste collection in the city of Colombo / PR. Finally, in the last step, two products were built. The first it was the Critical Methodological Product, which aims to indicate the improvements during the applicability of the indicators of the aspects studied. The other Product it was created to recommend what improvements should be made in the Integrated Management of Solid Waste Recyclables in the city. In the results, There are four "institutional aspects" indicators, of these three were evaluated positively, because the city has an integrated solid waste management plan (indicator 1), a contract signed with an outsourced company to provide Selective waste collection service (indicator 2), which the collection service reach the entire territory of Colombo (indicator 3). However, only the self-financing indicator (indicator 4) was unfavorable, because the amount of money collected from taxes is not enough to pay for solid waste coats. In the "efficiency aspect", it cannot possible to evaluate an indicator that corresponding to the real population adherence. But the indicator aimed at waste recovering it reached 1.88% of the total produced. The last indicator, from the Efficiency aspect, it is the reject waste in the associations who make waste segregation from the Selective Collection Program, the result reached 29.7%. Regarding the "costs" aspect, it includes the selective collection service cost and collection and destination service costs of household waste, settings are necessary it can be applied in Colombo / PR. Based on the results obtained from the application of three aspects and their indicators in the city, it was concluded that the Selective waste collection program should be improved, such as: inclusion of the intermediaries or informal waste pickers, promote a better segregation of recyclables in the collectors association in order to improve the recovery of recyclables, to include the companies responsible for the reverse logistics in the Selective waste collection management, and to promote a more effective Environmental Education, both in the formal and informal spheres, intending to improve population adherence. Therefore, it is concluded these results are primordial for the strengthening and for the decision-making in the public management of about Selective Collection Program.