Dinâmica de uma combinação de veículo de carga em ordem de marcha: determinação de limite de tombamento estático prévio a uma curva

Abstract

This work analyzes the stability dynamics in Cargo Vehicle Combinations (CVCs), such as semi-trailers and double trailers, whose complex force interactions resulting from poor cargo securing, recklessness, and poor road maintenance motivated research on the influence of lateral accelerations on the safety of these combinations. The central objective was to propose a predictive stability loss warning system based on speed and curve radius ahead, using a mathematical model in MATLAB software integrated with the Haversine formula to calculate real distances and curvature radii via GPS coordinates. Based on the Static Lateral Rollover Limit (SRT) – defined by the relationship between the axle track and the height of the center of gravity – field tests with a 48.5 t PBTC semi-trailer validated the model and the effectiveness of the Vehicle Stability Function system (VSF). Technical results demonstrated a remarkable convergence: while the theoretical SRT was estimated at 0.431 g, practical tests with the system deactivated recorded the physical limit at 0.541 g (5.31 m/s²) at 43.6 km/h, whereas, with the VSF operating, automatic brake intervention occurred in an anticipatory and safe manner at 0.413 g (4.05 m/s²). It is concluded that the calculated SRT is a conservative and reliable design metric, although the commercial term "anti-rollover" is technically imprecise compared to "roll control system"; furthermore, it is pointed out that the main vulnerability of cloud-based predictive systems is the poor connectivity on Brazilian highways, suggesting that the evolution towards resilient models will depend on the integration of maps directly into the vehicle's hardware through edge computing.