Sistemas e plataformas para educação a distância: estudo, desenvolvimento e análise de plataformas para ensino on-line e híbrido

Abstract

Distance Education (EaD) has become one of the pillars of contemporary education, driven by the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the growing need to democratize access to higher education. This work aims to study, develop, and analyze digital systems and platforms for online and hybrid learning, with emphasis on the pedagogical and technological application of Moodle, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and the analysis of recent data from the 2023 Higher Education Census. The research is descriptive and qualitative in nature, based on scientific databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Portal of Journals, covering publications from 2006 to 2024. The results indicate that Moodle stands out as a widely adopted Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) due to its flexibility, open-source structure, and support for active methodologies, but still faces challenges related to usability, student engagement, and technological infrastructure. It was also found that distance education in Brazil has experienced significant growth-representing more than 59% of undergraduate vacancies offered in 2023-and that the hybrid model has consolidated as a long-term trend. The study also highlights the emerging role of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in personalizing learning and improving educational management. It concludes that the development and critical analysis of digital platforms must prioritize the integration of technological innovation, accessibility, and student-centered pedagogical practices in order to promote more inclusive, adaptive, and effective education.